IT Wiki - linux

backup

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-10-20T23:03:23+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Backup rsync rsync -a /home/tmade/ /backup/rsync/ #copies and sync /home/tmade to /backup/rsync rsync -a --delete /home/tmade/ /backup/rsync/ #delete files which have been deleted in source also in mirror rsync -a --exclude-from=/path/to/excludedfile /home/tmade/ /backup/rsync/ #doesn´t sync files listes in exclude file. files with "#" in front are ignored!

bind

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:26+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki BIND Install on Suse: yast2 -i bind bind-chrootenv bind-devel bind-utils vi /var/lib/named/master/domain_name Local Test of service function: dig @192.168.1.6 -x 192.168.1.6 Other Systems: apt-get install bind bind-chrootenv bind-devel bind-utils rpm -i package1.rpm packageX.rpm

bonding

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:26+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Bonding SLES Edit/ceate /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-bond0 BROADCAST='172.16.0.255' BOOTPROTO='static' IPADDR='172.16.0.1' MTU='' NETMASK='255.255.255.0' NETWORK='172.16.0.0' REMOTE_IPADDR='' STARTMODE='onboot' BONDING_MASTER='yes' BONDING_MODULE_OPTS='miimon=100 mode=1' BONDING_SLAVE0='eth0' BONDING_SLAVE1='eth1'

certificate

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-25T15:10:08+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Certificate Apache Tomcat Server Certificate Server…

commands

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-09-18T11:09:05+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Commands Misc watch #Refresh any command (e.g "watch ls -al") sfdisk -R /dev/xxx #Reload Kernel Partitiontable strace -p PID #Debug System Prozesses info #Shows system command overview cat /proc/filesystems #Shows supported filesystems ls -l /dev/disk/by-path/ ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ ls -l /dev/disk/by-label/ cat /dev/debug #Debug output for…

cronjobs

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2023-11-15T10:28:31+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Cronjobs For all users: /etc/cron.d/cronjobname Configuration (SLES): /etc/sysconfig/cron Crontab files (created via “crontab -e”) are located in: /var/spool/cron/tabs Example: SLES10:/etc/cron.d # ll total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 151 Mar 9 14:58 root_crontest -rw-r--r-- 1 testuser users 61 Mar 9 14:58 testuser_crontest

curl

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-10-10T08:40:58+00:00

curl commands Examples: curl -s -o /dev/null -I -w "%{http_code}" http://www.example.org/ #to get the http-status-code

dd

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2018-05-15T13:55:08+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki DD Copy data/partition with dd: you can just copy files and partions but NO folders. dd if=/path/file of=/path/file dd if=/dev/sda1 of=boot.partition dd if=/dev/sda of=/tmp/mbr_copy bs=512 count=1 dd if=/dev/cciss/c0d0 bs=16065b | gzip -1 >/mnt/LinuxDD_Images/wilde20110416.gz

drbd

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:26+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki DRBD

filesystem

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-01-16T19:49:54+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki FILESYSTEM Repair time badblocks -sv /dev/mmcblk0p2 -o mmcblk0p2.log #Checking for bad blocks in read-only mode and write output to "mmcblk0p2.log" badblocks -s -o /home/stream/badblocks.txt /dev/sda1 badblocks -n -v /dev/mmcblk0 fsck /dev/hda2 fsck.ext3 -a -CO /dev/sdx fsck.ext4 -v -f -c /dev/sda1 #Checking for bad blocks e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/hda1 e2fsck -f /dev/sdb1

git

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-09T15:30:42+00:00

Git Installation The git version control system is installed with the following command: apt-get install git Commands git init #Initialize repository in actual working directory git config --global user.email "you@example.com" #set email git config --global user.name "Your Name" #Set your account's default identity # stored in ~home//.gitconfig git config user.name "Your Name" …

gitlab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-04T15:55:04+00:00

Gitlab Path: /var/opt/gitlab /var/opt/gitlab/backups Version Upgrade Path Commands gitlab-rake gitlab:check SANITIZE=true #GitLab application check gitlab-rake gitlab:check --tracegitlab-rails console gitlab-ctl show-config gitlab-ctl re…

grub

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:27+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Grub To install the Grub-Bootloader manually invoke the grub shell with grub Afterwards you have to execute device root setup commands with harddiskparameter (hdX and hdX,X) for all devices! Example: grub> device (hd1) /dev/sdb device (hd1) /dev/sdb grub> root (hd1,0) root (hd1,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83 grub> setup (hd1) setup (hd1) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... yes Checking if "/grub/…

grub2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-03-31T14:37:33+00:00

Grub2 How to boot from USB with grub2: grub> ls (hd0) (hd0,msdos5) (hd1) (hd1,msdos0) This will show you the available devices grub> linux (hd1,msdos1)/install/vmlinuz root=/dev/sdb1 grub> initrd (hd1,msdos1)/install/initrd.gz grub> boot Install - Repair

host_dns

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-02-24T13:01:37+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Hostname, DNS Hostname /etc/hosts #Configuration of lokal DNS-resolving /etc/HOSTNAME #Configuration of System Hostname DNS Following files are the local DNS-config files: /etc/resolv.conf #Configuration of DNS-Servers /etc/nsswitch.conf #Configuration how a service or a command is getting DNS-Adress (via /etc/hosts or /etc/resolv.conf) /etc/hosts …

init

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:27+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Init Runlevel Configuration of runlevels: /etc/inittabinit q #Updates the inittab file without reboot! id:5:initdefault: #Start in runlevel 5 als default Start myprocess at runlevel 3: 5:3:once:/etc/myprocess

iptables

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-04-24T09:08:07+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki IP-Tables Tutorial: SLES 1. Step: IP-Tables will be set: /usr/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --destination-port 80 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --destination-port 443 -j ACCEPT /usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -j REDIRECT -p tcp --destination-port 80 --to-ports 8080 /usr/sbin/iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -j REDIRECT -p tcp --destination-port 443 --to-ports 8443 /usr/sbin/…

iscsi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:27+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki iSCSI iSCSI Initiator To Get iSCSI Initiator run on linux install apt-get install open-iscsi and iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p # = IP of the iSCSI Target This will discover the target such as 192.168.1.10:3260,1 iqn.2006-01.com.openfiler:tsn.c0e878a1bece

jenkins

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-11-25T21:23:52+00:00

Jenkins Install in docker environment: docker run -p 8080:8080 -p 50000:50000 --restart=always -d -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v /data/jenkins/:/var/jenkins_home --name=jenkins-master jenkins/jenkins:lts or docker run -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v /data/jenkins:/var/jenkins_home -p 8443:8443 jenkins --httpPort=-1 --httpsPort=8443 --httpsKeyStore=/var/jenki…

kerberos

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:27+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Kerberos Authentification Linux <--> Windows AD Configuration To get an apache2-webserver authenticated with an Windows Actice directory create on your DC a * Computer Account * keytab file The key-tab-file can be created as follows: ktpass -princ HTTP/server-name.domain.local@DOMAIN.LOCAL -mapuser domain\computer-account$ -pass secret -ptype KRB5_NT_PRINCIPAL -out some_name.keytab

kernel

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:27+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Kernel Check loaded modules: lsmod cat /proc/modules Load manually a module: modprobe modulename #Loads module + dependencies insmod modulename #Loads just the module Modules are stored in: cat /proc/modules Modprobe configuration:

keyboard

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:27+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Keyboard

links

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:27+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Links Linux Documentation Recover Stress Test

lun

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:27+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki LUN (Logical Unit Number) Recognise a "LUN" in a running system VMWARE A „LUN“ (or virtual Disk) can be recognised in VMware with the following command: echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan “host1” represents the controller ID.

lvm

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-12-30T13:41:00+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki LVM LVM Layout Basically LVM looks like this: You have one or more physical volumes (/dev/sdb1 - /dev/sde1 in our example), and on these physical volumes you create one or more volume groups (e.g. fileserver), and in each volume group you can create one or more logical volumes. If you use multiple physical volumes, each logical volume can be bigger than one of the underlying physical volumes (but of course the sum of the logical volumes cannot exceed the total spac…

mail

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2018-02-06T12:43:20+00:00

Overview Home tmade.de Home Wiki telnet Please follow the instruction to send a mail via telnet: ------ Mailserver testing ------ telnet localhost 25 . . . helo testmail.org (Identify and demanding SMTP-Modus) mail from:test@testmail.org (addressor/ sender) rcpt to:test_receiver@linux.de (Receiver) data (enables to write mailcontent) . (quit insert mode) QUIT (close session) Tip: reset enable to send addtional emails

misc

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-03-04T15:52:41+00:00

MISC Terminator Personalized terminator settings: shift+F10 #Preferences (if "PuTTY style paste" is active) strg+shift+c #copy strg+alt+h #split horizontally strg+alt+v #split vertically strg+alt+m #multiplex (groupalltoggle) Terminator -> Preferences -> Profiles…

mount_fstab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-05-22T11:02:12+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Mount See also: Details mount #shows currently mounted devices lsblk #shows currently mounted devices and disk and partition info./etc/fstab #configurationfile for mount during startup /etc/mtab #shows currently mounted file systems /proc/mounts #kernel information currently mounted partitions/devices

mplayer

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:28+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki MPLayer Rotate: D:\install\mplayer>mplayer -vf rotate=0 D:\temp\20121216_135244.mp4

multipathing

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:28+00:00

Overview Home tmade.de Home Wiki Multipath / SAN 1. Install device-mapper-multipath rpm. 2. Edit the multipath.conf configuration file: • comment out the default blacklist • change any of the existing defaults as needed • save the configuration file 3. Start the multipath daemons.

network

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-11-26T15:53:22+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Network Configure Netzwerk/ IP change (opensuse /SLES): /etc/sysconfig/network/ifcfg-eth0 Commandline Configuration Temporary networking modification via ifconfig/ route: ifconfig eth0 172.22.49.127 netmask 255.255.255.0 ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.0.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 #add temporary a 2nd ip-adress ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.0.6 netmask 255.255.255.0 #add temporary a 3nd ip-adress route add default gw 172.22.49.2 route del default gw 192.…

nfs

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-03-20T06:44:59+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki NFS Config Configuration-file for NFS-Server (if NFS-Server is installed): /etc/exports /etc/nfsmount.conf Example “/etc/exports”: /home/tmade/nfs *(fsid=0,ro,sync,root_squash) /nfs/test *(fsid=0,rw,sync,no_root_squash) /nfs/software 10.144.9.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check) #Allow share "/nfs/software" to network 10.144.9.0 () ()... /data/ 10.144.9.230(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check) 10.14…

ntp

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-07-08T15:42:47+00:00

NTP Config: /etc/ntp.conf Commands: ntptrace #Show sync stats watch -n1 -d ntptrace #Show continiously sync stats ntpq -p #NTP query program ntpq -pn #NTP query program. showing IP instead of DNS name ntpdate -s time.server.com && /sbin/hwclock --systohc ntpdate -b time.server.com …

ocfs2

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:28+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki OCFS2 Create mkfs.ocfs2 -Ldata /dev/sdb1 #Format "/dev/sdb1" with ocfs2 with label name "data" Resize a OCFS2-Partition A OCFS2 formated Partition can be resized as follows: 1. Delete the active partition with “fdisk”. fdisk /dev/XXX

performance

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-12-20T13:12:41+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Performance You can get performance info using the following commands (package “sysstat” must be installed!). mpstat iostat vmstat nfsiostat /hana/data/MHQ 1 See also for aditional info! sar OR time dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024

pipe

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2022-02-16T03:34:45+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Pipe Pipe to a file (stdin) 0 #Standard input (stdout) 1 #Standard output (stderr) 2 #Standard error output> #redirects standard input 1> #redirects standard output 2> #redirects standard error output

postfix

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2019-10-31T11:35:32+00:00

Overview Home tmade.de Home Wiki Postfix Set Sender Add the following line to “/etc/postfix/main.cf”: sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_canonical Create “/etc/postfix/sender_canonical” with following content: user user@domain.com user email.adress@gmx.net www-data mail@example.com root email.adress@gmx.net

print

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2018-05-28T08:30:41+00:00

Printer lpadmin -p -v \ -P -E example: lpadmin -p ps -v socket://10.0.0.200:9100/ -P \ /usr/share/cups/model/Postscript-level1.ppd.gz -E or lpadmin -p ps -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -P \ usr/share/cups/model/Postscript.ppd.gz -E

processes

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:28+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Processes DEFUNCT Strace and defunct processes We have a web application running in Tomcat. Today I ran into an issue that the web application started throwing some errors during start up. I wanted to figure what the application reads during the start up. So I started the whole Tomcat under strace, and started to analyze the strace output. Once I figured what was happening, I tried to stop strace with Ctrl-C, but it won't stop. So, I killed it with

rhel

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-02-25T13:07:40+00:00

RHEL PATCH yum repolist all #List all repos /etc/yum.repos.d #Repo folder yum repolist all |grep enabled #List active repos yum repolist yum makecache yum-config-manager --enable repository-xy yum-config-manager --disable repository-xy subscription-manager repos --disable repository-xy #RHEL7 subscription-manager repos --disable repository-xy #RHEL7 yum check-update yum check-updat…

rpm

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-01T08:14:44+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki RPM RPM Options rpm -qpl package #Preview where the package "package" will install its files BEFORE installing it rpm -qli package #List information of all file locations of the installed package "package" rpm -qa | grep package #List all installed packages with the pattern name "package" rpm -ql ocfs2-kmp-default #List files in package rpm -qa --last #List packages in order of …

samba

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-09-25T10:03:19+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Samba Access smb://IP #Access from Filebrowser (e.g.Konqueror) Test testparm nmblookup netbiosname smbclient -L //fileserver smbclient -L IP smbclient -L 10.6.7.67 -U username smbclient -L //printserver/laser -c 'print letter.ps' smbclient -L hostname.domain.local -U 'domain.local\username'

san

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:29+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki SAN SAN = Storage Attached Network NAS = Network Attached Storage HBA = Host Bus Adapter WWW (SAN) = MAC (LAN) Fabric = Connect SAN Switches Openfiler Openfiler is a open source system to emulate storage volumes (Samba, NFS, iSCSI, etc.) running on Redhat Linux.

scp

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:29+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki SCP Secure copy of files via ssh: scp suse10.site:/etc/HOSTNAME ~ #Logged in user copies the file /etc/HOSTNAME to the home folder (~) scp id_rsa.pub username@10.6.7.203: #Copy "id_rsa.pub" nach "/home/tmade@10.6.7.203" scp install_NW70.tar root@10.6.63.31:/sapdb #Copy install_NW70.tar as root to 10.6.63.31 into folder /sapdb scp * root@10.6.63.31:/mnt/temp …

screen

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-01-05T10:38:52+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki SCREEN With “screen” you can run a shell in background (for e. g. running scripts), but when shell terminates, screen still runs! You can start screen by executing screen or screen -S some-session-name Optional: Start logging (each command executed in screen will be written to a file such as

shell

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:29+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Links Linux Shell acl chmod cut chown, chgrp export find groupmod if-for-while-function-variable su, sudo sed scripts

ssh

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-10-18T07:04:53+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki SSH SSHD Service config: /etc/ssh/sshd_configUseDNS no #To avoid dns lookup edit /etc/ssh/sshd_conf and add the command To deny password-authentification for non-root-users set the following options: PasswordAuthentication no PubkeyAuthentication yes RSAAuthentication yes

suse_rpm_general_linux

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-10-10T08:39:53+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Suse - RPM Linux Backup BIND Bonding Commands Cronjobs curl DD DRBD Grub Grub2 Host, DNS iSCSI if-for-while-function-variable Filesystem Init IPTABLES Links LVM Kernel Kerberos Keyboard LUN Mail MPlayer Mount / FSTAB Multipathing Network NFS NTP OCFS2 Performance Pipe Postfix Print Processes RPM Samba SAR SCP Shell SCREEN SSH Systemd Syslog Systeminfo TAR VI X-Server Zypper

svn

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-01-05T16:54:11+00:00

SVN svn co --username myuser https://subversion/svn/test #co = checkout (clone) svn ci -m "any comment" . #ci = checkin svn copy ../trunk/. targetfolder svn update svn revert filename svn rename file file-new svn update svn status svn info #show remote URL and metadata

syslog

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-11-14T00:28:48+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Syslog Config file facility: /usr/include/sys/syslog.h syslog-ng Detailed logging example for FTP! Edit file: /etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf.in Add filter: filter f_local4debug { level(debug) and facility(local4); }; filter f_local4info { level(info) and facility(local4); }; filter f_local4 { facility(local4); }; filter f_ftp_info { level(debug,info,debug) and facility(ftp); }; # To FTP (facilityname=ftp) destination ftp_info { file("/var/log/pure-ft…

systemd

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-12-01T11:50:40+00:00

Systemctl Commands systemctl disable service #Disable service from autostart e.g. "systemctl disable dhcpcd.service" systemctl mask service #User can´t start service anymore (until "enable") systemctl enable service #Enable service for autostart systemctl cat service #Show info about service systemctl is-enabled apache2; echo $? …

systeminfo

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2017-12-09T00:19:29+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki Systeminfo /var/log/messages (suse) #befehl: "logger test.txt" /var/log/syslog (ubuntu) #befehl: "logger test.txt" /proc/devices #shows devices /proc/cpuinfo #shows cpu info /proc/ioports #view the I/O ports on your server (adresses of various hardware devices) /proc/interrupts #view IRQ(hardware interrupt signal) assignments for linux systems /proc/dma #view DMA channels /…

tar

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-09-17T15:13:18+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki TAR Overview tar -cf archive.tar foo bar #Create „archive.tar“ with the files „foo“ and „bar“ tar -czf archive.tar.gz foo bar #Create „archive.tar.gz“ with the files „foo“ and „bar“ with higher compression (gzip) tar -tvf archive.tar #Detailed listing of archive „archive.tar“ (verbose) tar -xf …

ubuntu

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2018-11-30T23:10:41+00:00

Ubuntu Ubuntu <= 16.04 - DEB Linux Ubuntu >= 18.04 - DEB Linux

vi

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2026-04-07T14:08:42+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki VI Search ^ #A line beginns with $ #A line ends with \< #A word beginns with \> #A word ends with :set hlsearch #Highlight spaces % #Jump to closing bracket, when curser is on "{" or "}" # #Jump to function, when curser is on function or where the function is called (and vice versa)

x-server

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2021-03-07T12:59:49+00:00

Home tmade.de Home Wiki X-Server General startx #Start X-Server startx -- :1 #Start 2. X-Server (Desktop) startx /path/to/program/ -- :1 #Start programm in 2. X-Server startx fluxbox -- :1 -config xorg2.conf #Start 2. X-Server with program "fluxbox" with second screen-resolution

zypper

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2020-05-15T10:41:36+00:00

Zypper zypper lr zypper ls #List repos zypper rr ID zypper rr 1 2 3 4 5 6 #Delete repo 1,2,3,4,5,6 (ID) zypper dup zypper ref #Zypper refesh zypper lu #List updates zypper up #Zypper update zypper ps -s #Check running programs zypper up zypper -n up -y #Zypper patc…